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★ ENGINEERING ZINE / ISSUE 01 ★

WHAT DOES COMPRESSION ACTUALLY DO?

drag it. hear it. finally get it.
PANEL 01

It's just a volume rider that never gets tired.

Imagine you're mixing a vocal. The singer goes quiet on the verse and screams on the chorus. You'd ride the volume fader DOWN during the loud parts and UP during the quiet parts to even them out.

That's compression. It rides your fader for you. Faster than you can. Forever. Without complaining.

"compression. ratio. attack. release.
i have no idea what any of this means."
— literally everyone learning to mix

Cool — let's fix that in 5 minutes.

PANEL 02

Drag the threshold. Watch it work.

The threshold is the volume level where the compressor kicks in. Anything LOUDER than the threshold gets pushed down. Anything quieter is left alone.

Drag the threshold slider. See the LOUD parts get squashed in real time:

▶ INTERACTIVE: COMPRESSION SQUASHER
INPUT
OUTPUT
THRESHOLD -12 dB
RATIO 4 : 1
GR: -0.0 dB

See how the louder parts of the OUTPUT (right side) are shorter than the INPUT (left side)? That's the compressor at work — pushing the loud parts DOWN so the whole thing sounds more even.

★ WHAT THE RATIO MEANS A 4:1 ratio means: for every 4 dB the signal goes over the threshold, the output only goes up 1 dB. The other 3 dB get eaten. Higher ratio = more aggressive squash. 20:1 is basically a brick wall.
PANEL 03

Attack & release are about TIME.

If threshold and ratio decide HOW MUCH to squash, attack and release decide WHEN to start and stop.

Attack = how fast the compressor reacts when the signal goes over the threshold.
Release = how fast it lets go after the signal drops back down.

▶ INTERACTIVE: ATTACK / RELEASE
ATTACK 10 ms
RELEASE 100 ms

Move the sliders. See the curve change. Slow attack = transients (the snap of a snare, the crack of a "T" sound) get through before the compressor catches them. Fast attack = the compressor grabs everything immediately.

"slow attack = punchy.
fast attack = controlled.
that's the whole game."
PANEL 04

Spot the over-compressed track.

Trained engineers can hear bad compression in 2 seconds. After this zine, you will too. Listen for these clues — then pick the one that's been squashed too hard:

▶ IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM
Three vocal takes. Which one was over-compressed?
A
TAKE A — DYNAMIC & BREATHY
Quiet verses, loud chorus, lots of expression. Big peaks, soft tails.
B
TAKE B — EVEN & UPFRONT
Steady volume verse to chorus. You hear every word clearly. Slight forward presence.
C
TAKE C — PUMPING & FLAT
Everything at the same volume. Breaths feel as loud as the words. Background noise rises and falls audibly.
PANEL 05

The starter cheat sheet.

You don't need to memorize this. Just know it exists. Save the page, come back when you need it:

LEAD VOCAL
Threshold: -18 to -12 dB
Ratio: 3:1 to 4:1
Attack: 5-15 ms
Release: 80-150 ms
KICK DRUM
Threshold: -10 to -6 dB
Ratio: 4:1 to 8:1
Attack: 10-30 ms (let the thump through)
Release: 50-100 ms
BASS GUITAR
Threshold: -15 to -10 dB
Ratio: 3:1 to 5:1
Attack: 20-50 ms
Release: 100-200 ms
DRUM BUS
Threshold: -12 to -8 dB
Ratio: 2:1 to 4:1
Attack: 30-50 ms (keep the snap)
Release: 80-120 ms
MIX BUS / GLUE
Threshold: set for 1-2 dB GR
Ratio: 2:1 to 4:1
Attack: 10-30 ms
Release: AUTO (or 100 ms)
ACOUSTIC GUITAR
Threshold: -16 to -12 dB
Ratio: 2:1 to 3:1
Attack: 15-30 ms
Release: 100-150 ms
★ THE GOLDEN RULE Aim for 1-4 dB of gain reduction on most things. If your meter is slammed to -10 dB GR, you're probably over-compressing. Less is more. Trust your ears.
PANEL 06

Behind the curtain at GoatWave.

When you click Mix & Master in our console, here's the compression happening per stem — automatically, tuned by genre:

Vocals get a 3:1 ratio with a 10 ms attack and a slow release. Then a dynamic de-esser. Then a "soothe" pass that catches harsh resonances without dulling the air.

Drums get parallel compression in the style of a Neve 33609 — heavy compression on a duplicate channel, blended back with the dry signal at 40%. That's how pros get drums to punch without squashing.

Bass gets an opto-style comp with a medium attack so the pluck/transient breathes, then aggressive on the sustain so the low end stays glued.

Mix bus gets SSL G-Bus comp glue — the legendary "30% of mixing is just this one comp" trick.

"oh. so THAT'S what all those knobs were doing."
★ NOW DO IT FOR REAL ★

Mix your track with one click.

Drop a vocal and beat. Hit AI Analyze. Our system does every compressor move from this zine — automatically, tuned to your genre.

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